Regime change operations of the world
At some point in his life, at least a third of
Filipinos probably knew about operations to oust their government. And now they
are taking part when it comes to regime change—sometimes called "revolving
door" operations—in some countries. It’s happening all over the world as
more people get tired of being ruled by politicians who have been in power for
decades. But we’ve already seen some examples on social media, and there will
be more.
How it will be done.
New York City’s Operation Restore Democracy
program has come up with ideas to replace Donald Trump’s presidency. But in New
York City alone, only one-fifth of its 1 million residents are eligible to
participate in the initiative.
The Biden administration is also running similar
efforts around the globe. As President Joe Biden prepares to leave office next
month, he said “restoring democracy is paramount” and he’s “not ignoring the
reality that this must happen. People cannot stay out of politics...and our
institutions, and our norms and our traditions, are no longer strong enough to
survive without people in public life stepping down, starting with the president
who holds the seat of honor next week.”
“It is my hope that we will use these tools and
this framework that we have developed to mobilize ordinary Americans and bring
them into the streets,” Biden told CNN’s Anderson Cooper on Thursday night.
“And so I ask myself every American, please just consider doing this, please tell me if you would like to join in this
movement.”
In addition to the new US initiative, British
Prime Minister Boris Johnson created an independent commission to investigate
reports of voter fraud and other irregularities around the country in 2019. So
far, it has made more than 50 recommendations over two years, and it’s set to
launch its inquiry into allegations from the presidential election this year.
Johnson’s government is expected to implement at least one or two of the 30
recommendations.
On Wednesday, the United States House of
Representatives unanimously passed H. Res. 637 (L). It seeks to give voting
access to certain individuals “who otherwise may be prevented from voting” due
to state law barring them “due to age, criminal record, sex, disability,
language proficiency, or national origin.”
The bill proposes giving the Secretary of Homeland
Security acting under his authority the ability of emergency workers to pass
through “security checkpoints” without having to go through a background check
and secure health status. According to the bill that was passed earlier this
month, security officials can bypass such checks during protests against
COVID-19—which was previously banned in parts of the country.
Other initiatives include allowing medical
professionals to perform surgery, but also with strict safeguards. This means
that doctors can only perform procedures on patients if their identity
documents have been approved by local authorities, and their data will be
stored for 48 hours. They also need a separate clearance letter to proceed to
hospital.
The goal of the first law of Biden for 2021 is
another sign of unity amidst the pandemic. Vice President Kamala Harris was
instrumental in passing the Freedom Caucus’ resolution in June 2020 calling for
federal employees not to work unless the government could guarantee its safety.
In November 2020, Senator Ed Markey introduced a bi-partisan Congressional Accountability
Office Act—which passed easily in both chambers and was signed into law by the
Senate floor last December—to ensure accountability, transparency, and
consistency.
The Department of Justice announced recently its
strategy to end criminal investigations into alleged abuses in police
operations. But the department also plans to open internal probes in the
future, which will look into everything from police brutality to the conduct of
the legal system to police training and funding, per the Washington Post. “The
DOJ is committed to ensuring that the rule of law is practiced,” the agency
said, according to the Post.
The military recently said that it plans to
establish a special prosecutor’s office to deal with cases involving killings
during war. The Philippine National Police (PNP) is planning to follow suit.
However, PNP chief Brig. Gen. Panfilo Lacson had previously denied any imminent plan.
“We don’t talk about changing the structure of the
service. There’s nothing planned at the moment,” Lacson told reporters, the Inquirer reported. They believe in
the future
The Philippines might soon see big changes in
terms of foreign policy after the inauguration of US President-elect Joe Biden.
In January, Trump had threatened a trade war with China, and now Beijing seems
willing to let him take the lead as a leader of the free world—if only for a
few months. But while Biden says he wants to bring back international
alliances, the issue of multilateralism remains a major concern. He hopes to
make the US back into a global superpower again, and he reiterated his
commitment to reenter the Paris Agreement on climate change. While foreign
partners will expect their presidents to recommit to the rules of the game,
Biden has promised a return to the old ways. On March 20, the White House
hosted a meeting of the leaders of some democracies like Hungary and Poland.
But even Biden’s allies will have to wait patiently
for a chance to get back to normalcy. “The most important thing for us is to
rebuild trust within our alliances, to forge meaningful partnerships, and to
maintain our strength,” Biden reportedly said during the ceremony.
For those who believe that the US is still too
much of a communist nation, Russia is getting ready for a possible change in
leadership. In October, Russian President Vladimir Putin met with Biden and his
son Hunter Biden and reportedly told the Biden's they should prepare themselves
for the transition of power from President Donald Trump. The Kremlin claims
that Biden doesn’t want to become a dictator because in his opinion, dictators
are worse than terrorists. But Moscow also believes he wants to remain a
significant player in international affairs. In response to the US, Russian
ambassador to the Unites States Alexander Egorov has been advocating for dialogue between the nations,
especially amid the worsening coronavirus crisis. His comments came after Biden
won the race to succeed Trump. Putin claims that Biden is a puppet of corrupt
elites, who are ready to break the rules and order a dictatorship. Egorov once stated that Western values are “not compatible
with liberal values.”
So how does regime change actually happen? Here’s
all we know. First, politicians across the world start talking openly about
their intentions to resign from office under pressure. Then they try their best
to figure out how to keep their constituents happy, and they convince voters
that it’s a good idea to replace a weak incumbent and replace him by someone
better.
Eventually, candidates step aside, often leaving
the stage as they continue to campaign, and the winning side takes control of
the official party—or the winner takes control of one or several parties. Depending
on the circumstances in specific places, a successor can be any person,
including the head of state. Some countries have changed their constitutions
quite drastically since 1960. If it’s the CIA’s case, then a former officer
with the agency could run the agency next year. If it’s President Xi Jinping,
then another Chinese Communist Party member would take charge. Of course, in
some countries, this process is slow and bureaucratic, and it may happen over
multiple administrations.
According to a survey in May, 86% of respondents
said that the top three political actors are either likely or can definitely
say it’s going to happen in their country. More than 80% of voters surveyed
said they were in favor of regime change. A Gallup poll of 2,000 adults in 2018
showed that 52 percent of respondents supported replacing Trump with Biden.
Most of the participants in the second question in the survey believed that Mr.
Biden and Kamala Harris had the right intentions. They cited Mr. Biden being a
veteran who has served many others before him as well as the fact that
President Barack Obama had to be replaced.
Of course, what may happen in the coming days has
already happened before we could see it on paper. Recently, in Hong Kong,
pro-democracy protesters took matters into their own hands, forcing lawmakers
to resign.
Direct and inverse proportion
For example, if your company has 50 different categories of products, out of which you give 100 units in each, how many units are there in total? Or if we have 10 different products in our inventory — each unit contains two units, How much does each product belong to? This graph shows that in general, the more value an item has, the higher it costs. Thus, a direct proportional indicator is used to calculate the price of various units according to their value. For instance, if a car cost 60000 and is being sold at 2.5 lakh, then its price should not exceed 2.5 lakh/unit.
2. A proportional measure may be termed as ‘Indirect’ or ‘Constant’ because the relationship between the measured variables is always constant
Examples: If two sales figures (x1 and x2) show a positive change in both variables over time, it means that both sides of the direct effect are proportional
Indirect and Constant effect. The correlation coefficient shows whether two observations (x1 and x2) show an indirect effect or a fixed (constant) effect. A high coefficient implies a strong relationship. For instance, sales on the week (x1) may have grown by 10% from a month (x2). When compared with constant effects like sales growth on month or year, this shows that the change in monthly sales may be related to the sale in year or month. This coefficient is called the indirect effect if any changes occur across categories, for example: if there is a rise in sales during months 4 to 6, the resultant growth in the sales in the other months also will be higher.
3. Positive and Negative relation coefficients show whether the independent variable is positively or negatively correlated with the dependent variable
A positive link between the two variables. A relationship coefficient between items suggests that all items in a product are directly connected. In contrast, negative-link indicates that one or more items may indirectly affect another item, but it can not directly affect it either directly.
For example, if the sales figures for both days and weight (y and z) are positive and 0.2 kilograms has increased by 30%, that increase in weight has resulted in a 5 kg reduction in weight. Then weight may be reduced to 2 kilograms. In some cases, when z is reduced by 5 kilograms (x3), then y may not grow either directly as the weight is already reduced.
4. Correlation indicates the degree to which two variables have similar values and is calculated by summing the squares of the distances of points between them. Higher the value the stronger the correlation.
To calculate the correlation coefficients, the formula has got multiple numbers of degrees (all other factors are neglected) which are divided and added to give a single number.
6. Scatter plot indicates the relationships among two different types of data. The high number of points on the line represents a positive correlation and the low number of points indicate a negative correlation.
7. Linear graphs indicate how one line is formed due to an increasing number of different variables. When plotted online, a higher number shows a positive relationship while a lower number shows a negative relationship.
When plotting to scatter plots
8. Pearson's coefficient shows the extent of the relation.
The Pearson’s coefficient is the maximum value that can be found for the minimum variance of two samples. When plotted, it gives the correlation among a set of items. So for a positive link between 3 units and 2 units, the correlation between them would be 3. However, when plotted against the first item only, it gives no such information about the first item.
9. Coefficient of determination (R-Squared) is a statistical measure that finds out the explanatory power of input parameters to explain the observed outcomes. When all the coefficients are equal, it signifies that the input parameters do not contribute significantly to explaining the variance.
10. E-Squared shows the error term. An e-squared of -1 indicates an insignificant variance.
An e-squared of +1 indicates that there is a significant variance, however, the magnitude is less than 6 for the null hypothesis.
11. Confidence intervals suggest the range of values around a parameter. It uses standard errors (SE) to reduce uncertainty in the results. The confidence interval of the estimate measures the distance between a point and the median estimate.
12. Standard deviation helps us to estimate the mean of data.
13. Margin of error shows the deviation from the mean.
14. Root means square error (RMSE) is a statistic measuring the level of precision and reliability; The absolute value of R Square is given by “R Squared = B / SSE / SE”. B is a bias value for the dependent variable whereas B / SSE / SE is the variances for the inputs. On the contrary, “SSE” is the standard error of the estimated value and SSE / SE is the systematic error (or noise). RMSE shows the average systematic error which is equal to the square root and the systematic error, thus, it reduces the overall precision of the estimation.